Sugar sculpture
Sugar sculpture, the art of producing artistic centerpieces entirely composed of sugar and sugar derivatives, is an art that is rapidly garnering support. There are many national and international competitions that include sugar sculpture, and popular television networks, such as Food Network, televise many of these events.
Sugar showpieces can be composed of several different types of sugar elements. All begin with cooking sugar, and possibly an acidic agent and/or non-sucrose sugar product to avoid unwanted crystallization, to the hard crack stage, around 300 degrees Fahrenheit.
Pulled Sugar: Once the sugar has been cooked, the now-liquid sugar is poured onto a silicon mat. Any coloring is now added. The sugar is then folded repeatedly into itself, until the sugar is, while still flexible, cool enough to handle. The sugar is then stretched out and then folded on itself repeatedly. This process incorporates air into the sugar, and gives it a bright lustery sheen. The sugar can then be sculpted by hand into various shapes, made into ribbons, or blown.
Blown Sugar: In blown sugar, a portion of pulled sugar is placed on a rubber pump which is tipped with either wood or metal. Pumps are most commonly hand pumps. The sugar is then blown, much like the technique used in glassblowing. While being blown, the sugar can be shaped, often into animals or flowers. Unlike glass, blown sugar cannot be dipped in water to quickly cool it down, and chefs must use fans to cool the sugar, all the while rotating it so that it does not come out of shape.
Cast Sugar: In this technique, sugar is poured into molds. This technique produces more sturdy pieces than pulled and blown sugar, and is almost always used for the base and structural elements of showpieces.
Pastillage: A thick sugar paste, similar to frosting, is molded into shapes. When dried, it is hard and brittle.
Pressed Sugar: Granulated sugar is mixed with a minimum amount of water, and is put under pressure. It hardens into a solid piece. Though this is used for showpiece bases, it is less often used because of the time required to produce it, and its lesser aesthetic value.
When all components are completed, they are welded together using a gas torch. The sugar is melted, and then joined together.
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